Generations
of Laptops &
Computers
Generations of Computer & Laptops:
Although,
computers development is a continuous process, however, the computers can
be categorized into the different generations based on the use of technology
for the computer systems.
First Generation (1945-1950):
All
the computers in this generation were developed on the base of vacuum-tubes Technology. For example, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), Mark-I computer, Mark-II computer, EDSAC and IBM 701 etc. The computers of this generation were very slow,
large, and expensive.
Second Generation (1950-1959):
The
computers of just generation was based on transistor Technology (vacuum-tubes replaced by transistor) and they opened the gateway to the
commercial development sale of computers. The transistor is very small in size,
fast in operation and less expensive than vacuum-tubes. This generation computer ware
small and less costly. also the speed of these computers was very high.
Examples of this generation computers are EDVAC, IBM-1401 etc.
Third Generation (1960-1969):
The
computers of this generation war based on integrated circuits (ICs) Technology (transistor replaced by ICs). In early 1960 introduced the electronic technology of
solid-state. The development of integrated circuits (ICs) is called solid-state technology are Small Scale Integration (SSI). The integrated circuits (ICs) are the collection of the some electronic devices like
transistors on a single chip of silicon. This technology enabled the computer
to enter into electronic revolution. Computers of this generation were high in
speed, accuracy and list in price. IBM-360 is the example of this generation computers.
Fourth Generation (1970-1980):
The
computers of this generation were based on large scale integration (LSI) (ICs replace by LSI). In 1970 the technology was enhanced sufficiently to integrate
all the main functions of a computer system using LSI on a single microprocessor chip. In this generation microprocessor was introduced, which micro computers
were made. For example, IBM-PC and IBM 5100 etc.
Fifth Generation(AI)(1980-1990):
The
Rapid progress in Computer technology is still continue and active research is
going on in different fields of Computer technology but there is no
well-defined categorization after 4th generation. The reason may be that now
the developments are taking place in a variety of fields of computer hardware
and software as compared to the previous development mostly took place in the
field of electronics. As a result of date for the grouping of computer
developments in difficult. however in the software field was a new era has
started called AI(Artificial Intelligence), which is the main field of study
including robotics, computer vision, computer learning etc. Hence
the computer of this generation were based on the principles of AI
and also in this generation, software development was give more importance than
hardware, as a result of which Artificial Intelligence was introduced. e.g.
computer vision etc.
Sixth Generation(ANN'S) (Since 1990):
The
computers of this generation are based on the principles of Artificial NeuralNetwork System (ANNS). As a result, the computers now can think and decide for
solution of different problems. e.g. Character recognition etc.
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